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Apr 11 at 7:18 comment added manju9 Since in principle Quantum Espresso assumes periodicity in all three directions, your unit cell is periodically repeated in every direction through boundary conditions. The vacuum layer acts as a "buffer" of sort that makes sure that the periodically repeated images in z-direction are far enough apart to eliminate unwanted interaction and give you a monolayer.
Apr 11 at 1:48 comment added Thejan Hasaranga Thank you for answering my question, @Camps. But there is one unclear point to me, Could you please explain how it would be possible for there to be image interaction in the z direction if I am only using and interested in monolayers in my calculations?
Apr 10 at 11:36 history answered Camps CC BY-SA 4.0